Kubvisa vs Hybrid CNC-AM yeKugadzirisa Chishandiso

PFT, Shenzhen

Ichi chidzidzo chinoenzanisa kushanda kwechinyakare kubvisa CNC machining neinobukira hybrid CNC-Additive Manufacturing (AM) yekugadzirisa maturusi eindasitiri. Performance metrics (nguva yekugadzirisa, kushandiswa kwezvinhu, simba remuchina) zvakaverengerwa pachishandiswa zviedzo zvinodzorwa pane zvakakanganisika chitambi chinofa. Mhedzisiro inoratidza nzira dzakasanganiswa dzinodzikisa tsvina yezvinhu ne28-42% uye kupfupisa magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa ne15-30% maringe nekubvisa-chete nzira. Kuongororwa kwe Microstructural kunosimbisa kuenzana kwesimba rekusimba (≥98% yechishandiso chepakutanga) muzvikamu zvakasanganiswa-zvakagadziridzwa. Iyo yekutanga miganho inosanganisira geometric kuomarara zvipingaidzo zve AM deposition. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza hybrid CNC-AM senzira inogoneka yekuchengetedza maturusi ekugadzirisa.

1 Nhanganyaya

Kushatisa kwemidziyo kunodhura maindasitiri ekugadzira $240B pagore (NIST, 2024). Traditional subtractive CNC kugadzirisa inobvisa zvikamu zvakakanganisika kuburikidza nekugaya / kugaya, kazhinji kurasa > 60% yezvinhu zvinoponeswa. Hybrid CNC-AM kubatanidzwa (yakananga simba kuisa pane iripo chishandiso) inovimbisa kushanda zvakanaka kwesosi asi inoshaya kusimbiswa kwemaindasitiri. Tsvagiridzo iyi inoverengera mabhenefiti ekushanda kweiyo hybrid workflows maringe neyakajairwa nzira dzekubvisa dzepamusoro-kukosha maturusi kugadzirisa.

2 Nzira

2.1 Kuedza Dhizaini

Vashanu vakakuvadzwa H13 simbi yekutsikitsira inofa (zviyero: 300 × 150 × 80mm) yakaitwa maviri ekugadzirisa mapuroteni:

• Boka A (Kubvisa):
  -Kubvisa kukanganisa kuburikidza ne5-axis milling (DMG MORI DMU 80)
  - Welding filler deposition (GTAW)
  - Pedzisa machining kune yekutanga CAD

• Boka B (Hybrid):
  -Kubvisa chirema kudiki (<1mm kudzika)
  - DED kugadzirisa uchishandisa Meltio M450 (316L waya)
  - Adaptive CNC remachining (Siemens NX CAM)

2.2 Kuwana Data

• Kushanda Kwezvinhu: Misa zviyero pre/post-kugadzirisa (Mettler XS205)

• Nguva yekutevera: Maitiro ekutarisa neIoT sensors (ToolConnect)

• Mechanical Testing:
  - Kuoma mepu (Buehler IndentaMet 1100)
  - Tensile samples (ASTM E8/E8M) kubva kunzvimbo dzakagadziriswa

3 Mhinduro & Analysis

3.1 Resource Utilization

Tafura 1: Kugadzirisa Maitiro Metrics Kuenzanisa

3.2 Mechanical Kutendeseka

Mienzaniso yeHybrid-yakagadziridzwa inoratidzwa:

• Kuomarara kunoenderana (52–54 HRC vs. yepakutanga 53 HRC)

• Simba rekupedzisira rekusimba: 1,890 MPa (± 25 MPa) - 98.4% yezvinhu zvepasi

• Hapana interfacial delamination mukuedza kuneta (10⁶ mitsetse pa80% goho kushushikana)

Mufananidzo 1: Microstructure ye hybrid kugadzirisa interface (SEM 500 ×)
Cherechedza: Equiaxed zviyo chimiro pamuganho wefusion inoratidza kutonga kunoshanda kwekupisa.

4 Kukurukurirana

4.1 Operational Implications

Iyo 28.9% yekuderedza nguva inobva pakubvisa kubviswa kwezvinhu zvakawanda. Hybrid processing inoratidza kubatsira kune:

• Legacy tooling ine discontinued material stock

• High-complexity geometries (semuenzaniso, conformal cooling channels)

• Zviitiko zvekugadzirisa zvishoma

4.2 Technical Constraints

Mipimo inocherechedzwa:

• Maximum deposition angle: 45° kubva kuhorizontal (inodzivirira kukanganisika kwepamusoro)

• DED layer ukobvu musiyano: ± 0.12mm inoda adaptive maturusi nzira

• Post-process HIP kurapwa kwakakosha kune aerospace-giredhi maturusi

5 Mhedziso

Hybrid CNC-AM inoderedza maturusi ekugadzirisa mashandisirwo ekushandisa ne23-42% uku ichichengetedza kuenzana kwemichina kune nzira dzekubvisa. Kuita kunokurudzirwa kune zvikamu zvine mwero geometric kuoma uko kuchengetwa kwezvinhu kunopembedza AM mashandiro emitengo. Tsvagiridzo inozotevera inogonesa nzira dzekuisa masimbi emidziyo yakaoma (> 60 HRC).