Maitiro ekubvisa Taper Zvikanganiso paCNC-Akatendeuka Shafts ane Precision Calibration

Maitiro ekubvisa Taper Zvikanganiso paCNC-Akatendeuka Shafts ane Precision Calibration

Munyori: PFT, Shenzhen

Abstract: Taper zvikanganiso muCNC-akatendeuka shafts anokanganisa zvakanyanya kurongeka kwedimensional uye chikamu chakakodzera, zvichikanganisa kuita kwegungano uye kuvimbika kwechigadzirwa. Chidzidzo ichi chinoongorora kushanda kweprotocol yakarongeka yakarongeka yekubvisa zvikanganiso izvi. Iyo nzira inoshandisa laser interferometry yeyakakwira-resolution volumetric kukanganisa mepu mukati memuchina wekushandisa nzvimbo yekushandira, yakanangana nekutsauka kwejometri inopa taper. Mavheji ekubhadhara, anobva pamepu yekukanganisa, anoiswa mukati meCNC controller. Kusimbisa kwekuyedza pamashaft ane madhayamita ezvishoma e20mm uye 50mm kwakaratidza kudzikiswa kwechikanganiso chetaper kubva pamitengo yekutanga inodarika 15µm/100mm kusvika pasi pe2µm/100mm post-calibration. Mibairo inosimbisa kuti yakanangwa geometric chikanganiso muripo, kunyanya kugadzirisa linear positioning zvikanganiso uye angular kutsauka kwegwara, ndiyo yekutanga nzira yekubvisa taper. Iyo protocol inopa inoshanda, inofambiswa nedata nzira yekuwana micron-level kurongeka mukugadzira shaft chaiyo, inoda yakajairwa metrology michina. Basa remangwana rinofanira kuongorora kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwemuripo uye kubatanidzwa ne-in-process monitoring.

1 Nhanganyaya

Taper deviation, inotsanangurwa senge isingatarisirwe diametric musiyano pamwe neaxis yekutenderera muCNC-yakatendeuka cylindrical zvikamu, inoramba iri dambudziko rinoramba riripo mukugadzira kwakaringana. Zvikanganiso zvakadaro zvinokanganisa zvakananga maitiro ekuita senge kutakura zvinokodzera, chisimbiso kutendeseka, uye kinematics yegungano, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukutadza nguva isati yakwana kana kuderedzwa kwekuita (Smith & Jones, 2023). Nepo zvinhu zvakaita sekupfeka kwemidziyo, kudonha kwemafuta, uye kutsauswa kwechishandiso kunobatsira kugadzira zvikanganiso, zvisingabhadharwe zvisizvo zvejometri mukati meCNC lathe pachayo-kunyanya kutsauka pakumisikidzwa kwemutsara uye kurongeka kwemasanhu-kunoonekwa sechikonzero chikuru chezvikonzero zvekugadzirisa taper (Chen et al., 2021; Nzira dzemuripo dzechinyakare dzinotora nguva uye hadzina ruzivo rwakakwana runodiwa pakugadzirisa kukanganisa kwakasimba pahuwandu hwese hwekushanda. Ichi chidzidzo chinopa uye chinosimbisa yakarongeka yakarongeka yekuenzanisa nzira uchishandisa laser interferometry kuyera uye kutsiva zvikanganiso zvejometri zvakanangana nekuita taper kuumbwa muCNC-yakatendeuka shafts.

2 Nzira Dzokutsvakurudza

2.1 Calibration Protocol Dhizaini

Iyo yakakosha dhizaini inosanganisira inoteedzana, volumetric kukanganisa mepu uye muripo nzira. Iyo yekutanga fungidziro inoyerwa nemazvo uye kutsiva zvikanganiso zvejometri zveCNC lathe's linear axes (X uye Z) inopindirana zvakananga nekubviswa kweanoyerwa taper mumashaft akagadzirwa.

2.2 Kuwana Data & Kuedza Setup

• Machine Tool: A 3-axis CNC turning centre (Gadzira: Okuma GENOS L3000e, Controller: OSP-P300) yakashanda senzvimbo yekuedza.

• Chiyero Chishandiso: Laser interferometer (Renishaw XL-80 laser head ine XD linear optics uye RX10 rotary axis calibrator) yakapa kurongeka data yekuyera inoteedzerwa kune NIST zviyero. Linear positional accuracy, kutwasanuka (mundege mbiri), pitch, and yaw errors for both X and Z axes akayerwa pa 100mm intervals pamusoro pekufamba kwakazara (X: 300mm, Z: 600mm), achitevera ISO 230-2:2014 maitiro.

• Workpiece & Machining: Test shafts (Material: AISI 1045 simbi, Dimensions: Ø20x150mm, Ø50x300mm) akagadzirwa pasi pemamiriro anoenderana (Kucheka Speed: 200 m / min, Feed: 0.15 mm / rev, Kudzika Kwekucheka: 0.5 mm CVD kuisa, DcoN Tool: DcoN Tool: 150608) zvese zvisati zvaitika uye mushure mekugadzirisa. Inotonhorera yakaiswa.

• Taper Measurement: Post-machining shaft madhayamita akayerwa panguva 10mm kureba uchishandisa yakakwirira-chaiyo coordinary yekuyeresa muchina (CMM, Zeiss CONTURA G2, Maximum Inobvumirwa Kanganiso: (1.8 + L/350) µm). Chikanganiso chetaper chakaverengerwa semateru emutsara wekudzokororwa kwedhayamita maringe nenzvimbo.

2.3 Chikanganiso Muripo Wekuita

Volumetric kukanganisa data kubva kuyero yelaser yakagadziriswa uchishandisa Renishaw's COMP software kugadzira axis-chaiwo matafura emuripo. Aya matafura, ane chinzvimbo-anotsamira kururamisa kukosha kwekusimuka kwemutsara, zvikanganiso zveangular, uye kutsauka kwakatwasuka, akaiswa akananga mumuchina wekushandisa geometric muripo wemuripo paramita mukati meCNC controller (OSP-P300). Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza yekutanga geometric kukanganisa zvikamu zvakayerwa.

3 Migumisiro uye Ongororo

3.1 Pre-Calibration Error Mepu

Laser kuyerwa kwakaratidza kwakakosha kutsauka kwejometri kunobatsira kune inogona kuita taper:

• Z-axis: Positional kukanganisa kwe +28µm paZ=300mm, pitch kukanganisa kuunganidza kwe -12 arcsec pamusoro pe600mm kufamba.

• X-axis: Yaw kukanganisa kwe +8 arcsec pamusoro pe300mm kufamba.
  Kutsauka uku kunonangana neakacherechedzwa pre-calibration taper zvikanganiso zvakayerwa paØ50x300mm shaft, inoratidzwa muTebhurari 1. Iyo yakakura yekukanganisa maitiro yakaratidza kuwedzera kunoenderana dhayamita kumucheto wetailstock.

Tafura 1: Taper Kukanganisa Kuyera Migumisiro

3.2 Post-Calibration Performance

Kuitwa kwezvakatorwa mavectors ekubhadhara kwakakonzera kuderedzwa kunoshamisa kwekuyerwa kwetaper kukanganisa kune ese ma test shafts (Table 1). Iyo Ø50x300mm shaft yakaratidza kudzikiswa kubva +16.8µm/100mm kusvika +1.7µm/100mm, inomiririra 89.9% kunatsiridza. Saizvozvo, iyo Ø20x150mm shaft yakaratidza kudzikiswa kubva +14.3µm/100mm kusvika +1.1µm/100mm (92.3% kunatsiridza). Mufananidzo 2 inofananidzira madhiyamu profiles eØ50mm shaft isati yasvika uye mushure mekugadzirisa, ichiratidza zvakajeka kubviswa kweiyo yakarongeka taper maitiro. Iyi nhanho yekuvandudza inodarika zvakajairwa mhedzisiro inoshumwa nzira dzemuripo wemaoko (semuenzaniso, Zhang & Wang, 2022 yakashumwa ~ 70% kudzikiswa) uye inosimbisa kushanda kweiyo yakazara volumetric kukanganisa kukanganisa.

4 Kukurukurirana

4.1 Dudziro yeZvabuda

Iko kuderedzwa kwakakosha mukukanganisa kwetaper kunosimbisa iyo hypothesis. Muchina wekutanga kugadziridzwa kwechikanganiso cheZ-axis chinzvimbo uye kutsauka kwenzwi, izvo zvakaita kuti nzira yemudziyo isiyane kubva kune yakanakira parallel trajectory inoenderana neinorukana ngoro sezvo ngoro yaifamba neZ. Muripo wakabvisa musiyano uyu. Kukanganisa kwasara (<2µm/100mm) kungangove kunobva kunzvimbo dzisingagoneki kumuripo wejometri, senge maminetsi ekupisa panguva yekugadzira, kutsauswa kwechishandiso pasi pesimba rekucheka, kana kuyerwa kwekusavimbika.

4.2 Kuganhurirwa

Ichi chidzidzo chakanangana nekubhadharwa kwekukanganisa kwejometri pasi pekudzora, padyo-kupisa kuenzana kwemamiriro akafanana ekugadzirwa kwekudziya-kutenderera. Haina kunyatso kuenzanisira kana kutsiva kukanganisa kwe thermally kunoitika panguva yekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kana kuchinjika kwakakosha kwetembiricha. Uyezve, kushanda kweprotocol pamichina ine kupfeka kwakanyanya kana kukuvadzwa kwegwara / mabhora hakuna kuongororwa. Mhedzisiro yemasimba ekucheka akanyanya pakubvisa muripo waivewo kupfuura chiyero chazvino.

4.3 Zvinoshanda Zvinoreva

Iyo yakaratidza protocol inopa vanogadzira yakasimba, inodzokororwa nzira yekuwana yakakwirira-chaiyo cylindrical kutendeuka, yakakosha kune maapplication muaerospace, midziyo yekurapa, uye yepamusoro-inoshanda zvikamu zvemotokari. Inoderedza zvimedu zvezvimedu zvakabatana netaper zvisiri-conformances uye inoderedza kuvimba neunyanzvi hwemushandisi wemubhadharo webhuku. Chinodiwa chelaser interferometry chinomiririra kudyara asi chakakodzera kune zvivakwa zvinoda micron-level kushivirira.

5 Mhedziso

Ichi chidzidzo chinosimbisa kuti kurongeka kwakaringana, kushandisa laser interferometry yevolumetric geometric kukanganisa mepu uye inotevera CNC controller muripo, inoshanda zvakanyanya pakubvisa taper zvikanganiso muCNC-yakatendeuka shafts. Mhedzisiro yekuedza yakaratidza kudzikiswa kunodarika 89%, kuwana yakasara taper pazasi 2µm/100mm. Iyo yepakati meshini ndiyo muripo chaiwo wemitsara yekumisikidza kukanganisa uye angular deviations (pitch, yaw) mumatemo emuchina. Mhedziso dzinokosha ndeidzi:

1. Yakakwana geometric kukanganisa mepu yakakosha pakuona kutsauka chaiko kunokonzera taper.

2. Kubhadhara kwakananga kwekutsauka uku mukati meCNC controller inopa mhinduro inoshanda kwazvo.

3. Iyo protocol inopa kuvandudzwa kwakakosha mukurongeka kwedimensional uchishandisa yakajairwa metrology maturusi.